ChatGPT vs. Google Gemini: data protection per plan

not publicly documented (the Enterprise privacy page mentions a DPA only for ChatGPT Business, Enterprise and API; Edu via Student Data Privacy Agreement)

not publicly documented (the Enterprise privacy page mentions a DPA only for ChatGPT Business, Enterprise and API; the Help Center article on Go refers on data protection only to the Privacy Policy, Terms of Use and Data Controls FAQ)

not publicly documented (the Enterprise privacy page mentions a DPA only for ChatGPT Business, Enterprise and API; the Help Center article on Plus refers on data protection only to the Privacy Policy, Terms of Use and Data Controls FAQ)

not publicly documented (the Enterprise privacy page mentions a DPA only for ChatGPT Business, Enterprise and API; Edu via Student Data Privacy Agreement)

yes: Enterprise privacy page: "we are able to execute a Data Processing Addendum (DPA) with customers for their use of ChatGPT Business, ChatGPT Enterprise, and the API"; concluded via the DPA form. OpenAI DPA (Effective 2026-01-01) published.

not publicly documented whether a DPA under Art. 28 GDPR can be concluded: Enterprise privacy page: "For ChatGPT Edu and for Teachers, we process your data pursuant to our Student Data Privacy Agreement." It covers ChatGPT For Teachers via the Education Terms and names only US law as "Privacy Laws" (FERPA, PPRA, supplemental state laws); the GDPR and Art. 28 are not mentioned. The offering is aimed only at US schools and school districts.

yes: Enterprise privacy page: "we are able to execute a Data Processing Addendum (DPA) with customers for their use of ChatGPT Business, ChatGPT Enterprise, and the API"; concluded via the DPA form. OpenAI DPA (Effective 2026-01-01) published.

not publicly documented whether a DPA under Art. 28 GDPR can be concluded: Enterprise privacy page: "For ChatGPT Edu and for Teachers, we process your data pursuant to our Student Data Privacy Agreement." The Student Data Privacy Agreement is a contract between OpenAI, LLC and the customer; in it, OpenAI is considered a FERPA "School Official", and "Privacy Laws" covers only US federal and state law (FERPA, PPRA, supplemental state laws); the GDPR and Art. 28 are not mentioned. The Enterprise privacy page mentions the OpenAI DPA only for Business, Enterprise and API.

yes: Enterprise privacy page: "we are able to execute a Data Processing Addendum (DPA) with customers for their use of ChatGPT Business, ChatGPT Enterprise, and the API"; concluded via the DPA form. OpenAI DPA (Effective 2026-01-01) published.

not publicly documented (Hub names the Google Terms of Service and Generative AI Prohibited Use Policy; no DPA mentioned, q1)

no for Unpaid Services (according to q3, the DPA applies to Paid Services); special case EEA/Switzerland/UK see details

not publicly documented (Hub names the Google Terms of Service and Generative AI Prohibited Use Policy; no DPA mentioned, q1)

yes (Cloud Data Processing Addendum; according to q2, the Gemini app is a Core Service for most Workspace editions)

yes (Cloud Data Processing Addendum; according to q2, the Gemini app is a Core Service for most Workspace editions)

yes (Cloud Data Processing Addendum, q2)

yes (Cloud Data Processing Addendum; according to q2, the Gemini app is a Core Service for most Workspace editions)

yes (Cloud Data Processing Addendum, q2)

yes ("Data Processing Addendum for Products Where Google is a Data Processor", q3)

yes (Cloud Data Processing Addendum, Google Cloud)

Help Center (section Services for individuals): "When you use our services for individuals (Free, Plus, Pro), we may use your content to train our models. You can choose whether your conversations help improve our models. To opt out, turn off Improve the model for everyone under Settings > Data controls in ChatGPT, or select Do not train on my content in our Privacy Portal." Temporary chats: "are not used to improve OpenAI models while they remain temporary". Feedback exception: "If you choose to provide feedback, the entire conversation associated with that feedback may be used to train our models."

Help Center (section Services for individuals): "When you use our services for individuals (Free, Plus, Pro), we may use your content to train our models. You can choose whether your conversations help improve our models. To opt out, turn off Improve the model for everyone under Settings > Data controls in ChatGPT, or select Do not train on my content in our Privacy Portal." Temporary chats: "are not used to improve OpenAI models while they remain temporary". Feedback exception: "If you choose to provide feedback, the entire conversation associated with that feedback may be used to train our models." Help Center article on Go: "OpenAI may use conversations to improve model performance and safety. You can opt out of having your data used for training at any time."

Help Center (section Services for individuals): "When you use our services for individuals (Free, Plus, Pro), we may use your content to train our models. You can choose whether your conversations help improve our models. To opt out, turn off Improve the model for everyone under Settings > Data controls in ChatGPT, or select Do not train on my content in our Privacy Portal." Temporary chats: "are not used to improve OpenAI models while they remain temporary". Feedback exception: "If you choose to provide feedback, the entire conversation associated with that feedback may be used to train our models."

Help Center (section Services for individuals): "When you use our services for individuals (Free, Plus, Pro), we may use your content to train our models. You can choose whether your conversations help improve our models. To opt out, turn off Improve the model for everyone under Settings > Data controls in ChatGPT, or select Do not train on my content in our Privacy Portal." Temporary chats: "are not used to improve OpenAI models while they remain temporary". Feedback exception: "If you choose to provide feedback, the entire conversation associated with that feedback may be used to train our models."

Help Center: "By default, we don't use inputs or outputs from ChatGPT Business, ChatGPT Enterprise, ChatGPT Edu, or our API to improve our models." Enterprise privacy page: "We do not train our models on your data by default". Help Center (Business FAQ): "ChatGPT Business is governed by OpenAI Business Terms and the Enterprise Privacy commitments, and OpenAI does not train on your workspace data."

Help Center: "As with other Business customers, information shared with ChatGPT for Teachers is not used to train our models by default." In addition: "we may use automated systems to classify content for safety and quality."

Help Center: "By default, we don't use inputs or outputs from ChatGPT Business, ChatGPT Enterprise, ChatGPT Edu, or our API to improve our models." Enterprise privacy page: "We do not train our models on your data by default".

Help Center: "By default, we don't use inputs or outputs from ChatGPT Business, ChatGPT Enterprise, ChatGPT Edu, or our API to improve our models." Enterprise privacy page: "We do not train our models on your data by default".

Help Center: "By default, we don't use inputs or outputs from ChatGPT Business, ChatGPT Enterprise, ChatGPT Edu, or our API to improve our models." Enterprise privacy page: "We do not train our models on your data by default". API documentation: "data sent to the OpenAI API is not used to train or improve OpenAI models (unless you explicitly opt in to share data with us)". API organisation owners can enable data sharing (Help Center); only then can members share feedback and the current Playground chat.

"Google uses your activity to provide, develop, and improve its services (including training generative AI models), as well as to protect Google, its users, and the public with the help of human reviewers." (Keep Activity on). Can be switched off via "Keep Activity"; temporary chats are not used for improvement with human reviewers (q1). A difference between Free, Plus, Pro and Ultra is not documented in the Hub (same privacy notice for "Gemini Apps").

"When you use Unpaid Services, including, for example, Google AI Studio and the unpaid quota on Gemini API, Google uses the content you submit to the Services and any generated responses to provide, improve, and develop Google products ... human reviewers may read, annotate, and process your API input and output." However: "If you're in the European Economic Area, Switzerland, or the United Kingdom, the terms under 'How Google uses Your Data' in 'Paid Services' apply to all Services, including Google AI Studio and unpaid quota in the Gemini API" (q3). Pricing page: "Used to improve our products: Yes" in the Free Tier (q8).

"Google uses your activity to provide, develop, and improve its services (including training generative AI models), as well as to protect Google, its users, and the public with the help of human reviewers." (Keep Activity on). Can be switched off via "Keep Activity"; temporary chats are not used for improvement with human reviewers (q1). A difference between Free, Plus, Pro and Ultra is not documented in the Hub (same privacy notice for "Gemini Apps").

"Your content is not human reviewed or otherwise used for Generative AI model training outside your domain without permission." (q2). Gemini app: "Your chats and uploaded files won't be reviewed by human reviewers or otherwise used to train generative AI models outside of your domain without your permission." (q2)

"Your content is not human reviewed or otherwise used for Generative AI model training outside your domain without permission." (q2). Gemini app: "Your chats and uploaded files won't be reviewed by human reviewers or otherwise used to train generative AI models outside of your domain without your permission." (q2)

As Workspace Business: "Your chats and uploaded files won't be reviewed by human reviewers or otherwise used to train generative AI models outside of your domain without your permission." (q2, applies to "business, education, and public sector customers")

"Your content is not human reviewed or otherwise used for Generative AI model training outside your domain without permission." (q2). Gemini app: "Your chats and uploaded files won't be reviewed by human reviewers or otherwise used to train generative AI models outside of your domain without your permission." (q2)

As Workspace Business: "Your chats and uploaded files won't be reviewed by human reviewers or otherwise used to train generative AI models outside of your domain without your permission." (q2, applies to "business, education, and public sector customers")

"When you use Paid Services, ... Google doesn't use your prompts (including associated system instructions, cached content, and files ...) or responses to improve our products, and will process your prompts and responses in accordance with the Data Processing Addendum for Products Where Google is a Data Processor." (q3). Pricing page: "Used to improve our products: No" (q8).

"Google won't use your data to train or fine-tune any AI/ML models without your prior permission or instruction. This applies to all managed models on Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform" (q4).

Privacy policy (Europe, 2026-08-24), section 10: "OpenAI processes your Personal Data on servers located outside of the EEA, Switzerland and the UK ... This includes processing and storing your Personal Data in our facilities and servers in the United States or in countries or territories where our affiliates and partners or our vendors and service providers are located." Pricing page: row "Data residency in US, EU, UK, JP, CA, KR, SG, IN, AU, UAE" = No for Free, Go, Plus, Pro.

Privacy policy (Europe, 2026-08-24), section 10: "OpenAI processes your Personal Data on servers located outside of the EEA, Switzerland and the UK ... This includes processing and storing your Personal Data in our facilities and servers in the United States or in countries or territories where our affiliates and partners or our vendors and service providers are located." Pricing page: row "Data residency in US, EU, UK, JP, CA, KR, SG, IN, AU, UAE" = No for Free, Go, Plus, Pro.

Privacy policy (Europe, 2026-08-24), section 10: "OpenAI processes your Personal Data on servers located outside of the EEA, Switzerland and the UK ... This includes processing and storing your Personal Data in our facilities and servers in the United States or in countries or territories where our affiliates and partners or our vendors and service providers are located." Pricing page: row "Data residency in US, EU, UK, JP, CA, KR, SG, IN, AU, UAE" = No for Free, Go, Plus, Pro.

Privacy policy (Europe, 2026-08-24), section 10: "OpenAI processes your Personal Data on servers located outside of the EEA, Switzerland and the UK ... This includes processing and storing your Personal Data in our facilities and servers in the United States or in countries or territories where our affiliates and partners or our vendors and service providers are located." Pricing page: row "Data residency in US, EU, UK, JP, CA, KR, SG, IN, AU, UAE" = No for Free, Go, Plus, Pro.

not publicly documented for Business: the residency page in the Help Center (as of 2026-10-18) names as eligible "Eligible API customers and new ChatGPT Enterprise/Edu customers" (q5), the business data page "Eligible ChatGPT Enterprise, ChatGPT Edu, ChatGPT for Healthcare, and API platform customers" (q11); ChatGPT Business is not named in either. The pricing page lists data residency in ten regions only for the Enterprise plan. The sub-processor list (as of 2026-10-14) names processing locations for Business in the USA and other countries (including EU Member States), without a choice.

not publicly documented: the Help Center refers to sales for data residency and EKM ("You require advanced enterprise features (for example, data residency or EKM)"); the residency page does not name Teachers.

Help Center Data residency (as of 2026-10-18): "Eligible API customers and new ChatGPT Enterprise/Edu customers can choose to have in-scope customer content stored at rest in supported countries." Regions: Australia, Canada, Europe (EEA + Switzerland), India, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, UAE, UK, USA. Inference residency (GPU execution in the region) only for Europe (EEA + Switzerland), USA and UAE, and only with data residency activated in the same region. In scope: Memory, Code Interpreter/Data Analysis artefacts, conversations (text, image, voice), Custom GPTs, files, image generation inputs/outputs, incl. backups/replicas; new features only if listed. Outside the region, data from external integrations (Apps & MCP, Web Search), transient processing steps, workspace metadata and name, billing information and logins, among others, may be stored ("Certain categories of data may be stored outside the chosen data region"); CPU processing such as authentication, routing and analytics may run outside the region. Applies to newly provisioned workspaces; eligibility via sales; at no additional cost for Enterprise and Education.

Help Center Data residency (as of 2026-10-18): "new ChatGPT Enterprise/Edu customers can choose to have in-scope customer content stored at rest in supported countries"; Europe (EEA + Switzerland) is a supported region; inference residency for Enterprise/Edu with data residency activated (Europe, USA, UAE). Exceptions as for Enterprise (including external integrations, workspace metadata, billing information, logins). Eligibility via sales; at no additional cost for Education.

Help Center Data residency: "Eligible API customers ... can choose to have in-scope customer content stored at rest in supported countries". API documentation (Data controls, as of 2026-10-18): data residency is a project setting; "Contact our sales team to see if you're eligible for using data residency controls." Regions with their own endpoints: USA, Europe (EEA + Switzerland, eu.api.openai.com), Australia, Canada, Japan, India, Singapore, South Korea, UK, UAE; inference in the region only for the USA, Europe and the UAE, the other regions storage only; all regions except the USA require Modified Abuse Monitoring or Zero Data Retention. System data (account data, metadata, usage data without customer content) may be processed and stored outside the region. For models released from 2026-03-05, a 10% uplift applies on residency endpoints.

Google Privacy Policy (Effective 2026-10-12), section Data transfers: "We maintain servers around the world and your information may be processed on servers located outside of the country where you live." A Gemini-specific statement on location or a choice of region is not documented in the Gemini Apps Privacy Hub (q1). Provider: Google Ireland Limited in the EEA and Switzerland, otherwise Google LLC.

not publicly documented for Unpaid Services (for Paid Services, q3 states storage/caching "in any country in which Google or its agents maintain facilities").

Google Privacy Policy (Effective 2026-10-12), section Data transfers: "We maintain servers around the world and your information may be processed on servers located outside of the country where you live." A Gemini-specific statement on location or a choice of region is not documented in the Gemini Apps Privacy Hub (q1). Provider: Google Ireland Limited in the EEA and Switzerland, otherwise Google LLC.

not publicly documented: Workspace Admin Help "Data covered by data regions" (as of 2026-10-09) does not list Business Starter among the editions with Data Regions, so a choice of region is not available; the page does not state a storage location without a Data Regions policy (q14).

Workspace Admin Help "Data covered by data regions" (as of 2026-10-09): prompts and responses of the "Gemini app" and of "Google Workspace with Gemini" are covered data; region USA or Europe. Business Standard and Business Plus include Fundamental Data Regions: only storage (at rest) is in the selected region; processing "in use" (i.e. including Gemini processing) is not covered; this is only provided by Enterprise Data Regions (Enterprise Plus or add-on). Excluded: Gemini Notebook as well as logs and cached content (q14; likewise q2 on Gemini Notebook).

Workspace Admin Help "Data covered by data regions" (as of 2026-10-09): Education Fundamentals is not supported by Data Regions (q14); a storage location for this edition is not otherwise documented.

Workspace Admin Help "Data covered by data regions" (as of 2026-10-09): prompts and responses of the "Gemini app" and of "Google Workspace with Gemini" are covered data; region USA or Europe. Enterprise Starter and Enterprise Standard: Fundamental Data Regions (storage at rest); Enterprise Plus: Enterprise Data Regions, which also cover processing "in use" (alternatively add-on or Assured Controls). Excluded: Gemini Notebook as well as logs and cached content (q14; likewise q2 on Gemini Notebook).

Workspace Admin Help "Data covered by data regions" (as of 2026-10-09): Education Standard and Education Plus include "Data Regions for Education". This covers prompts and responses of the Gemini app and of Google Workspace with Gemini at rest (region USA or Europe), but not processing "in use" (q14). Not separately reviewed for public sector editions.

"This data may be stored transiently or cached in any country in which Google or its agents maintain facilities." (q3). An EU data residency option for the Gemini Developer API is not documented in q3.

Via jurisdictional multi-region endpoints (e.g. EU), ML processing remains in the region; data at rest remains at the selected location; the EU endpoint covers only EU Member States, not the UK/Switzerland; global endpoints are separate (q5).

• not publicly documented for consumer plans (the sub-processor list, as of 2026-10-14, names API, ChatGPT Enterprise, Edu and Business as its scope; for Plus and Pro it states only for ChatGPT Sites that the listed sub-processors may provide web hosting, infrastructure, moderation and support; reference: https://openai.com/policies/sub-processor-list/)

• not publicly documented for consumer plans (the sub-processor list, as of 2026-10-14, names API, ChatGPT Enterprise, Edu and Business as its scope; for Plus and Pro it states only for ChatGPT Sites that the listed sub-processors may provide web hosting, infrastructure, moderation and support; reference: https://openai.com/policies/sub-processor-list/)

• not publicly documented for consumer plans (the sub-processor list, as of 2026-10-14, names API, ChatGPT Enterprise, Edu and Business as its scope; for Plus and Pro it states only for ChatGPT Sites that the listed sub-processors may provide web hosting, infrastructure, moderation and support; reference: https://openai.com/policies/sub-processor-list/)

• not publicly documented for consumer plans (the sub-processor list, as of 2026-10-14, names API, ChatGPT Enterprise, Edu and Business as its scope; for Plus and Pro it states only for ChatGPT Sites that the listed sub-processors may provide web hosting, infrastructure, moderation and support; reference: https://openai.com/policies/sub-processor-list/)

• According to the list (as of 2026-10-14, applies to API, ChatGPT Enterprise, Edu, Business): OpenAI companies OpenAI, OpCo, LLC and OAI International, Inc. (USA), OpenAI Ireland Ltd. (Ireland), OpenAI UK Ltd., OpenAI Japan Ltd. (standard contractual clauses between group companies)
• Cloudflare, Ltd. (CDN; data centre closest to the end user; for requests to us.api.openai.com or eu.api.openai.com, TLS termination in the selected region via Cloudflare Regional Services; also web hosting for ChatGPT Sites in the USA for Enterprise, Edu, Business)
• Microsoft Corporation (cloud infrastructure; including Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, the UK, the USA and others)
• CoreWeave, Inc. (cloud infrastructure; Norway, Spain, Sweden, UK, USA)
• Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (cloud infrastructure; Brazil, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, the UK, the USA)
• Google Cloud Platform (cloud infrastructure; Finland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, the UK, the USA)
• Amazon Web Services, Inc. (cloud infrastructure; USA)
• Cerebras (cloud infrastructure; USA, Canada)
• Snowflake, Inc. (data warehousing; USA; for the API except with Zero Data Retention)
• TaskUs, LLC (customer support; for API and Business moderation of content; for Enterprise, Edu and Business moderation of GPTs; Philippines)
• Salesforce (customer support; including Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, the USA and others)
• Pylon Labs (customer support; USA; API, Enterprise, Edu only; at the customer's choice, premium support only)
• Accenture International Limited (customer support; for API/Business also moderation of content; USA, Canada, Philippines)
• Fivetran, Inc. (ETL; USA)
• Cinder Technologies, Inc. (platform for content or GPT moderation; USA; for API except where Zero Data Retention is used)
• WorkOS, Inc. (cross-domain identity management; USA; at the customer's choice; Enterprise, Edu, Business)
• Merge API, Inc. (infrastructure management, only with activated Connectors; including France, Ireland, Sweden, the UK, the USA and others; at the customer's choice)

• not publicly documented (the sub-processor list, as of 2026-10-14, does not name ChatGPT for Teachers; according to the Help Center, authorised employees and "specialized third-party contractors" have access to stored conversations to review for abuse)

• According to the list (as of 2026-10-14, applies to API, ChatGPT Enterprise, Edu, Business): OpenAI companies OpenAI, OpCo, LLC and OAI International, Inc. (USA), OpenAI Ireland Ltd. (Ireland), OpenAI UK Ltd., OpenAI Japan Ltd. (standard contractual clauses between group companies)
• Cloudflare, Ltd. (CDN; data centre closest to the end user; for requests to us.api.openai.com or eu.api.openai.com, TLS termination in the selected region via Cloudflare Regional Services; also web hosting for ChatGPT Sites in the USA for Enterprise, Edu, Business)
• Microsoft Corporation (cloud infrastructure; including Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, the UK, the USA and others)
• CoreWeave, Inc. (cloud infrastructure; Norway, Spain, Sweden, UK, USA)
• Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (cloud infrastructure; Brazil, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, the UK, the USA)
• Google Cloud Platform (cloud infrastructure; Finland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, the UK, the USA)
• Amazon Web Services, Inc. (cloud infrastructure; USA)
• Cerebras (cloud infrastructure; USA, Canada)
• Snowflake, Inc. (data warehousing; USA; for the API except with Zero Data Retention)
• TaskUs, LLC (customer support; for API and Business moderation of content; for Enterprise, Edu and Business moderation of GPTs; Philippines)
• Salesforce (customer support; including Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, the USA and others)
• Pylon Labs (customer support; USA; API, Enterprise, Edu only; at the customer's choice, premium support only)
• Accenture International Limited (customer support; for API/Business also moderation of content; USA, Canada, Philippines)
• Fivetran, Inc. (ETL; USA)
• Cinder Technologies, Inc. (platform for content or GPT moderation; USA; for API except where Zero Data Retention is used)
• WorkOS, Inc. (cross-domain identity management; USA; at the customer's choice; Enterprise, Edu, Business)
• Merge API, Inc. (infrastructure management, only with activated Connectors; including France, Ireland, Sweden, the UK, the USA and others; at the customer's choice)

• According to the list (as of 2026-10-14, applies to API, ChatGPT Enterprise, Edu, Business): OpenAI companies OpenAI, OpCo, LLC and OAI International, Inc. (USA), OpenAI Ireland Ltd. (Ireland), OpenAI UK Ltd., OpenAI Japan Ltd. (standard contractual clauses between group companies)
• Cloudflare, Ltd. (CDN; data centre closest to the end user; for requests to us.api.openai.com or eu.api.openai.com, TLS termination in the selected region via Cloudflare Regional Services; also web hosting for ChatGPT Sites in the USA for Enterprise, Edu, Business)
• Microsoft Corporation (cloud infrastructure; including Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, the UK, the USA and others)
• CoreWeave, Inc. (cloud infrastructure; Norway, Spain, Sweden, UK, USA)
• Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (cloud infrastructure; Brazil, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, the UK, the USA)
• Google Cloud Platform (cloud infrastructure; Finland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, the UK, the USA)
• Amazon Web Services, Inc. (cloud infrastructure; USA)
• Cerebras (cloud infrastructure; USA, Canada)
• Snowflake, Inc. (data warehousing; USA; for the API except with Zero Data Retention)
• TaskUs, LLC (customer support; for API and Business moderation of content; for Enterprise, Edu and Business moderation of GPTs; Philippines)
• Salesforce (customer support; including Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, the USA and others)
• Pylon Labs (customer support; USA; API, Enterprise, Edu only; at the customer's choice, premium support only)
• Accenture International Limited (customer support; for API/Business also moderation of content; USA, Canada, Philippines)
• Fivetran, Inc. (ETL; USA)
• Cinder Technologies, Inc. (platform for content or GPT moderation; USA; for API except where Zero Data Retention is used)
• WorkOS, Inc. (cross-domain identity management; USA; at the customer's choice; Enterprise, Edu, Business)
• Merge API, Inc. (infrastructure management, only with activated Connectors; including France, Ireland, Sweden, the UK, the USA and others; at the customer's choice)

• According to the list (as of 2026-10-14, applies to API, ChatGPT Enterprise, Edu, Business): OpenAI companies OpenAI, OpCo, LLC and OAI International, Inc. (USA), OpenAI Ireland Ltd. (Ireland), OpenAI UK Ltd., OpenAI Japan Ltd. (standard contractual clauses between group companies)
• Cloudflare, Ltd. (CDN; data centre closest to the end user; for requests to us.api.openai.com or eu.api.openai.com, TLS termination in the selected region via Cloudflare Regional Services; also web hosting for ChatGPT Sites in the USA for Enterprise, Edu, Business)
• Microsoft Corporation (cloud infrastructure; including Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, the UK, the USA and others)
• CoreWeave, Inc. (cloud infrastructure; Norway, Spain, Sweden, UK, USA)
• Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (cloud infrastructure; Brazil, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, the UK, the USA)
• Google Cloud Platform (cloud infrastructure; Finland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, the UK, the USA)
• Amazon Web Services, Inc. (cloud infrastructure; USA)
• Cerebras (cloud infrastructure; USA, Canada)
• Snowflake, Inc. (data warehousing; USA; for the API except with Zero Data Retention)
• TaskUs, LLC (customer support; for API and Business moderation of content; for Enterprise, Edu and Business moderation of GPTs; Philippines)
• Salesforce (customer support; including Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, the USA and others)
• Pylon Labs (customer support; USA; API, Enterprise, Edu only; at the customer's choice, premium support only)
• Accenture International Limited (customer support; for API/Business also moderation of content; USA, Canada, Philippines)
• Fivetran, Inc. (ETL; USA)
• Cinder Technologies, Inc. (platform for content or GPT moderation; USA; for API except where Zero Data Retention is used)
• WorkOS, Inc. (cross-domain identity management; USA; at the customer's choice; Enterprise, Edu, Business)
• Merge API, Inc. (infrastructure management, only with activated Connectors; including France, Ireland, Sweden, the UK, the USA and others; at the customer's choice)

• not publicly documented (Hub names "Google's trained service providers" as human reviewers, q1; no list)

• not publicly documented

• not publicly documented (Hub names "Google's trained service providers" as human reviewers, q1; no list)

• Workspace sub-processor list (as of 2026-10-19, q7): no Gemini-specific entries; Gemini, as a Core Service, falls under the entries for "All Google Workspace Core Services and Cloud Identity Services" (activities Technical Support, Data Center Operations, Security Risk Detection, Service Maintenance; third parties and Google group companies with countries of processing): https://workspace.google.com/terms/subprocessors/

• Workspace sub-processor list (as of 2026-10-19, q7): no Gemini-specific entries; Gemini, as a Core Service, falls under the entries for "All Google Workspace Core Services and Cloud Identity Services" (activities Technical Support, Data Center Operations, Security Risk Detection, Service Maintenance; third parties and Google group companies with countries of processing): https://workspace.google.com/terms/subprocessors/

• Workspace sub-processor list (as of 2026-10-19, q7): no Gemini-specific entries; Gemini, as a Core Service, falls under the entries for "All Google Workspace Core Services and Cloud Identity Services" (activities Technical Support, Data Center Operations, Security Risk Detection, Service Maintenance; third parties and Google group companies with countries of processing): https://workspace.google.com/terms/subprocessors/

• Workspace sub-processor list (as of 2026-10-19, q7): no Gemini-specific entries; Gemini, as a Core Service, falls under the entries for "All Google Workspace Core Services and Cloud Identity Services" (activities Technical Support, Data Center Operations, Security Risk Detection, Service Maintenance; third parties and Google group companies with countries of processing): https://workspace.google.com/terms/subprocessors/

• Workspace sub-processor list (as of 2026-10-19, q7): no Gemini-specific entries; Gemini, as a Core Service, falls under the entries for "All Google Workspace Core Services and Cloud Identity Services" (activities Technical Support, Data Center Operations, Security Risk Detection, Service Maintenance; third parties and Google group companies with countries of processing): https://workspace.google.com/terms/subprocessors/

• not publicly documented for the Developer API (Google Cloud sub-processor list not reviewed)

• Google Cloud sub-processor list (q15), AI-specific entries for "All AI Solutions, Pre-Trained APIs, AI Platform/Gemini platform (formerly Vertex AI), Generative AI Services and Agentic AI Services" with the activity Data Labeling ("Human labelers apply labels to datasets submitted by Customer based on instructions provided by Customer"): Cognizant Worldwide Limited, GlobalLogic Technologies Private Limited, GlobalLogic Inc., Innodata Inc, Teleperformance Global Business Private Limited, Uber Technologies
• In addition, the entries for all Google Cloud services apply (Technical Support, Data Center Operations, etc.): https://cloud.google.com/terms/subprocessors

€0 per month (pricing page, de-DE rendered in the browser; according to the FAQ, Free is available to everyone) (as of 2026-10-18)

€8 per month (pricing page, de-DE rendered in the browser; no statement whether incl. VAT). Help Center: purchases in USD, local-currency billing only in some countries; monthly billing only, no annual plan; no USD amount is stated there (as of 2026-10-18)

€23 per month (pricing page, de-DE rendered in the browser; no statement whether incl. VAT). Help Center: "$20/month (billed monthly)"; no annual plan (as of 2026-10-18)

Pro 100: USD 100, Pro 200: USD 200, Pro 500: USD 500 per month (Help Center; Ultrafast models only in Pro 500; monthly billing only, no annual plan). Pricing page, de-DE rendered in the browser: from €103 per month; euro amounts for Pro 200 and Pro 500 are not shown there (as of 2026-10-18)

Standard seat €21 per user per month billed annually, €26 billed monthly; Premium seat (5x usage, no five-hour limit) €105 or €130 respectively (pricing page, de-DE rendered in the browser). Help Center: Standard USD 20 annually or USD 25 monthly, Premium USD 100 or USD 125 per user per month; "Prices listed here are in USD and may vary by country and currency". At least 2, at most 200 paid seats (as of 2026-10-18)

free for verified US K–12 teachers until June 2028 (Help Center, as of 2026-10-18); pricing possible thereafter with advance notice. The FAQ on the pricing page (de-DE) states June 2027 instead.

Price on request (pricing page: custom pricing via sales; annual plan; billing by credits or by tokens available) (as of 2026-10-18)

not publicly documented (the pricing page describes ChatGPT Edu as a low-cost plan for universities, without an amount; contact via sales) (as of 2026-10-18)

Price not publicly documented (usage-based API prices not evaluated from a primary source)

0 (Free, q6)

0 (Free Tier, input/output "Free of charge", q8)

Google AI Plus 4.99 USD/month; Google AI Pro 19.99 USD/month; Google AI Ultra from 99.99 USD/month (second tier 199.99 USD/month); US version of the subscriptions page (gemini.google/us/subscriptions). German version (q6): Plus 4.99 EUR/month; Pro 21.99 EUR/month; Ultra 99.99 EUR/month (5x usage limits) or 219.99 EUR/month (20x) (q6, retrieved 2026-10-14)

6.80 EUR per user/month with monthly billing (excl. taxes). Introductory discounts for 3 months apply to new customers (q9)

Per user/month with monthly billing (EUR, excl. taxes): Standard 13.60; Plus 21.10. Introductory discounts for 3 months apply to new customers (q9)

0 ("Free for eligible educational institutions" (translated), self-service sign-up, q17)

On request (pricing page: Enterprise via sales, q9)

Education Plus: 5.10 EUR per user per year (comparison table at the same time 'price on request' (translated)), sales; Google AI Pro for Education: 14.40 EUR per user/month with a one-year contract term or 23.04 EUR with monthly payment (q17); public sector prices not publicly documented

Usage-based per 1M tokens (Paid Tier, pricing page as of 2026-10-14), e.g. Gemini 4 Argon Standard 2.00 USD input / 10.00 USD output until 2026-11-30, from 2026-12-01 4.00 / 20.00 USD; Gemini 3.8 Flash Standard 0.75 / 3.75 USD until 2026-12-31, from 2027-01-01 1.50 / 7.50 USD; Gemini 3.8 Flash Priority 1.35 / 6.75 USD until 2026-12-31, from 2027-01-01 2.70 / 13.50 USD (q8). For other models see the pricing page.

Usage-based per 1M tokens (Agent Platform pricing page, retrieved 2026-10-18, USD; "Prices are listed in US Dollars (USD)"), e.g. Gemini 4 Argon until 2026-11-30 (promotional price via 50 % credit): input USD 2 global / USD 2.20 non-global, output USD 10 / 11; from 2026-12-01: input USD 4 / 4.40, output USD 20 / 22; Gemini 3.8 Flash introductory price USD 0.75 / 3.75 (input/output) until 2026-12-31, from 2027-01-01 USD 1.50 / 7.50 (q18). For other models, see the pricing page.

yes (according to the pricing page: unlimited text chats with GPT-6, limited uploads, image creation, voice chats)

yes (Free plus more messages with tools, uploads, image creation, voice chats, longer Memory; according to the pricing page "This plan may include ads")

yes (Go plus advanced GPT-6 reasoning models, more messages/uploads, Deep Research, Projects, Codex, ChatGPT Work)

yes (Plus plus three usage tiers, Pro reasoning with GPT-6 Astra, Codex/Work sessions, Dot, maximum Deep Research)

yes (Business workspace with workspace admin control of retention according to the Enterprise privacy page; feature scope not evaluated in the retrieved pricing text)

yes (according to the Help Center, a self-serve workspace for verified US K–12 teachers and school staff, not for students; including file uploads, deep research, voice mode, image generation, memory, Custom GPTs, admin features with SSO and RBAC)

yes (according to Enterprise Privacy: SAML SSO, Compliance API/audit logs, RBAC, data residency)

yes (according to the Enterprise privacy page part of the business products; feature scope not evaluated in the retrieved page text)

API (models via Platform); feature scope not the subject of this entry

yes (Gemini app with basic usage limits, q6)

yes (Gemini models via API, Free Tier with limits)

yes (Gemini app; higher usage limits with Plus/Pro/Ultra, q6)

yes (Gemini app and Gemini in Gmail, Docs, Sheets, Slides, Meet, Drive; scope per edition, q9)

yes (Gemini app and Gemini in Gmail, Docs, Sheets, Slides, Meet, Drive; scope per edition, q9)

yes (Gemini for Education and Gemini Notebook; Gemini in Workspace only to a limited extent, q17)

yes (Gemini app and Gemini in Gmail, Docs, Sheets, Slides, Meet, Drive; scope per edition, q9)

yes (Education Plus: additionally Gemini in Docs, Sheets, Slides, Vids and Forms; add-on Google AI Pro for Education: full Gemini in Workspace access incl. Gmail, Meet, Drive, q17; according to q2, Gemini app for education and public sector customers with a Workspace agreement)

yes

yes